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Abbreviation for central processing unit . 1. The portion of a computer that includes circuits controlling the interpretation and execution of instructions. (188) 2. The portion of a computer that executes programmed instructions, performs arithmetic and logical operations on data, and controls input/output functions. Synonym central processor. 3. Abbreviation for communications processor unit. The portion of a digital communications switch that executes programmed instructions, performs arithmetic and logical operations on signals, and controls input/output functions.