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In satellite communications, the ratio of the received carrier power to the receiver noise power density. Note 1: The carrier-to-receiver noise density ratio is usually expressed in dB. Note 2: The carrier-to-receiver noise density is given by C /kT , where C is the received carrier power in watts, k is Boltzmann's constant in joules per kelvin, and T is the receiver system noise temperature in kelvins. Note 3: The receiver noise power density, kT , is the receiver noise power per hertz. (188)