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1. The excursion of a radio wave from the Earth to the ionosphere and back to the Earth. (188) Note: The number of hops indicates the number of reflections from the ionosphere. 2. A waveform transmitted for the duration of each relocation of the carrier frequency of a frequency-hopped system. (188) 3. To modify a modulated waveform with constant center frequency so that it frequency hops. (188)