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In a beam with the minimum possible ray divergence or convergence, any mechanism by which rays are caused to diverge or converge from parallelism. Note 1: Decollimation may be deliberate for systems reasons, or may be caused by many factors, such as refractive index inhomogeneities, occlusions, scattering, deflection, diffraction, reflection, and refraction. Note 2: Decollimation occurs in applications such as radio, radar, sonar, and optical communications.