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An equation that determines an appropriate password length, M , which provides an acceptable probability, P , that a password will be guessed in its lifetime. Note: The password length is given by M = (log S )/(log N ) where S is the size of the password space and N is the number of characters available. The password space is given by S = LR /P , where L is the maximum lifetime of a password and R is the number of guesses per unit of time.