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An all-dielectric waveguide in which electromagnetic waves are guided by a refractive index gradient so that the waves are confined to the guide by refraction or reflection from the outer surface of the guide or from surfaces within the guide. Note 1: In an open waveguide, the electromagnetic waves propagate, without radiation, within the waveguide, although evanescent waves coupled to internal waves may travel in the space immediately outside the waveguide. Note 2: Examples of open waveguides are (a) optical fibers and (b) planar waveguides in integrated optical circuits. [From Weik '89]